Flow Cytometry and High-Parameter Cell Sorting
Flow Cytometry is an essential tool for identifying and measuring the characteristics of cells as they flow in a fluid stream through a laser beam. In 2025, "Multicolor" flow cytometry can detect 40+ different parameters on a single cell simultaneously.
Immunophenotyping: By using fluorescently labeled antibodies, researchers can identify specific sub-populations of immune cells (e.g., T-cells, B-cells) in a blood sample, which is critical for monitoring HIV or leukemia.
Mass Cytometry (CyTOF): This hybrid technology uses metal isotopes instead of fluorescent dyes, allowing for even higher levels of "multiplexing" without the overlap issues common in traditional light-based systems.
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS): This tool not only analyzes the cells but can physically sort them into different containers based on their properties, providing pure populations for downstream genomic or proteomic studies.